Hepatitis A

CDC: State-Reported Hepatitis A Outbreak Cases as of February 11, 2022

When discussing vaccine-preventable hepatitis A infections, many people think about contaminated food and water. However, in 2022, hepatitis A remains a common person-to-person spread virus.

And the risk for hepatitis A virus (HAV) transmission has continued during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Since hepatitis A outbreaks were first identified in 2016, thirty-seven U.S. states have publicly reported 43,705 cases and 420 related fatalities to the U.S. CDC as of February 11, 2022.

Furthermore, 22 states are reporting additional hepatitis A cases in 2022.

The HeartLand-states of Ohio (3,763), Tennessee (3,167), and Indiana (2,660) are the unfortunate leaders.

During the widespread outbreak, Florida (5,103) and Kentucky (5,081) reported the most hepatitis A cases in the USA.

Because hepatitis A causes inflammation of the liver, people with other forms of viral hepatitis and anyone with underlying liver disease are at risk of more severe illness if infected.

People at risk for acquiring HAV infection or developing severe complications from HAV infection during the current hepatitis A outbreaks should be prioritized to receive the hepatitis A vaccine as soon as possible, says the CDC.

Hepatitis A is usually transmitted through food or water that has been contaminated with small, undetectable amounts of feces from a contagious person. Individuals who use drugs, who are experiencing homelessness, or men who have sex with men are at the highest risk for infection during the current outbreak.

Symptoms of hepatitis A include fever, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, and stomach pain. Jaundice, dark-colored urine, and clay-colored bowel movements may also occur.

These symptoms appear on average 28 days following infection.

In addition, anyone exhibiting these symptoms should refrain from preparing food for others. Infected individuals can transmit the virus to others two weeks before and one week after jaundice appears.

For example, NBC10 Philadelphia reported in late January 2022, health officials confirmed a third death in a hepatitis A outbreak in Montgomery County, PA, linked to Gino’s Ristorante & Pizzeria in West Norriton.

The Montgomery County Office of Public Health (MCOPH) recently revealed ten confirmed virus cases. The seven survivors were hospitalized but later released.

“The restaurant owner provided a list of restaurant employees working during the exposure period who are expected to return to the restaurant following re-opening,” an MCOPH spokesperson wrote.

“All employees on the list completed voluntary testing for Hepatitis A and were offered Hepatitis A vaccination.”

‘The best way to protect yourself against hepatitis A is through vaccination,’ says the CDC. One dose of single-antigen hepatitis A vaccine has been shown to control hepatitis A outbreaks.

Moreover, prevaccination serologic testing is not required to administer a hepatitis A vaccine.

And vaccinations should not be postponed if vaccination history cannot be obtained or records are unavailable.

An updated list of U.S. FDA Approved hepatitis vaccines and vaccine candidates are published on this webpage.

PrecisionVaccinations publishes fact-checked research-based antibody, antiviral, and vaccine news.

Sub Title:

Serologic testing is not required to administer a hepatitis A vaccine

References:

CDC: Widespread outbreaks of Hepatitis A across the United States

Hepatitis Vaccines 2022

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Tuesday, February 22, 2022 - 06:00

Hepatitis A Unintentionally Served at Starbucks

Don Hackett — Tue, 23 Nov 2021 19:40:02 +0000

Reviewer:

Hepatitis A Clinic Scheduled for Wednesday

In light of the case of hepatitis A in an employee at a Starbucks located in Gloucester Township, the Camden County Health Department in New Jersey confirmed on November 22, 2021, it is offering vaccines to anyone who feels they may have been exposed.

Based on the investigation and out of an abundance of caution, the Department of Health recommends any unvaccinated member of the public that patronized Starbucks at 1490 Blackwood Clementon Road on Nov. 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, or 13 to get the hepatitis A vaccine.

The Camden County Health Hub is located at 200 College Drive in Blackwood and will operate today from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Vaccine appointments will be made on a first-come, first-serve basis.

One dose of single-antigen hepatitis A vaccine has been shown to control outbreaks of hepatitis A, says the U.S. CDC.

However, if you have been vaccinated for hepatitis A in the past, you do not need to receive another dose.

And if you have a child born after the year 2000, that child has likely already been vaccinated for hepatitis A and does not require another dose.

Last week, the hepatitis A vaccine clinics administered about 800 vaccinations to people in Camden County, NJ.

Previously, the Camden County Health Department was notified by a health care provider on Nov. 17, 2021, that a food handler employed at a Starbucks in Gloucester Township tested positive for hepatitis A and worked through the infectious period.

Hepatitis A is a contagious liver disease usually spread when a person ingests fecal matter, even in microscopic amounts, from contact with objects, food, or drinks contaminated by the feces of an infected person.

Hepatitis A symptoms can surface two to four weeks after exposure, although they can, in some instances, occur up to seven weeks after exposure. Children under six years of age with hepatitis A often do not show signs or symptoms.

For more information on hepatitis A and vaccine availability, patrons of Starbucks can contact the Camden County Health Department at (856) 549-0530 or their primary care physician.

Since 2016, CDC’s Division of Viral Hepatitis (DVH) has assisted multiple state and local health departments with hepatitis A outbreaks, spread through person-to-person contact.

Since the outbreaks began, 37 states have publicly reported the following data as of November 19, 2021

Cases: 42,936
Hospitalizations: 26,153 (61%)
Deaths: 402

The CDC has updated its overall recommendations on preventing hepatitis A virus infection in the United States.

A listing of FDA-authorized hepatitis A vaccines is located on this webpage.

PrecisionVaccinations publishes fact-check, research-based vaccine news.

Sub Title:

Free hepatitis A vaccinations available from Camden County Health Department

References:

CDC: Widespread Outbreaks of Hepatitis A across the United States

Hepatitis Vaccines

North Carolina Confirms 495 Hepatitis A Cases

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Wednesday, November 24, 2021 - 05:45

North Carolina Confirms 495 Hepatitis A Cases

Don Hackett — Sun, 01 Aug 2021 17:42:44 +0000

Reviewer:

CDC: Widespread outbreaks of hepatitis A across the United States

Holly Lutmer PharmD

The North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services (NCDHHS) recently announced the state had surpassed 1,000 reported cases of hepatitis A associated with a national outbreak that began in April 2017.

In addition, NCDHHS confirmed 63% of patients had required hospitalization, and 16 people have died from hepatitis A.

Since January 2021, 495 outbreak-associated cases of hepatitis A were reported by NCDHHS, indicating a marked increase in virus transmission.

Of the 2021 cases, 13% are also infected with hepatitis B and 48% with hepatitis C.

During the outbreak, Kentucky (5,132) and Florida (5,089) have reported the most hepatitis A cases in the USA.

Because hepatitis A causes inflammation of the liver, people with other forms of viral hepatitis or anyone with underlying liver disease are at risk of more serious illness if infected.

Since the outbreak began in 2017, the U.S. CDC’s Division of Viral Hepatitis has received about 41,855 reports of hepatitis A and 382 related deaths as of July 23, 2021.

The hepatitis A vaccine is the best way to prevent HAV infection. One dose of single-antigen hepatitis A vaccine has been shown to control outbreaks of hepatitis A.

And, prevaccination serologic testing is not required to administer a hepatitis A vaccine. Vaccinations should not be postponed if vaccination history cannot be obtained or records are unavailable.

People at risk for acquiring HAV infection or developing serious complications from HAV infection during the current hepatitis A outbreaks should be prioritized to receive the hepatitis A vaccine as soon as possible to do so safely, says the CDC.

The risk for person-to-person transmission of HAV continues during the COVID-19 pandemic, says the CDC.

"The best way to protect yourself against hepatitis A is through vaccination," said Dr. Erica Wilson, vaccine-preventable disease medical director in NCDHHS’ Division of Public Health, in a press statement issued on July 27, 2021.

"As always, good hand-washing is key, especially after using the bathroom, changing diapers, and before preparing or eating food. Using harm reduction strategies and syringe service programs is also key in reducing the risk for people who use drugs."

An updated list of U.S. FDA Approved hepatitis vaccines and vaccine candidates is published on this webpage.

Hepatitis A is usually transmitted through food or water that has been contaminated with small, undetectable amounts of feces from a contagious person. Individuals who use drugs, are experiencing homelessness, or men who have sex with men are at the highest risk for infection during the current outbreak.

Symptoms of hepatitis A include fever, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, and stomach pain. Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and/or eyes), dark-colored urine, and clay-colored bowel movements may also occur.

These symptoms appear 15-50 days (average 28 days) following infection with the virus.

However, young children can be infected without apparent symptoms.

The NCDHHS advises anyone with symptoms of hepatitis A to contact their health care provider or their local health department to be tested and linked to care assistance.

In addition, anyone exhibiting these symptoms should refrain from preparing food for others. Patients can transmit the virus to others in the two weeks before and one week after jaundice appears.

People with severe underlying medical conditions, such as hepatitis A, may be at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19. Additional co-administration information is available on this CDC webpage.

PrecisionVaccinations publishes fact-checked research-based news.

Sub Title:

Hepatitis outbreaks can be reduced with one dose of single-antigen hepatitis A vaccine

References:

North Carolina Hepatitis A Outbreak Surpasses 1,000 Cases

Hepatitis Vaccines

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Monday, August 2, 2021 - 20:00

Most Hepatitis A Outbreaks Are Unannounced in the USA

Don Hackett — Sat, 18 Jul 2020 20:39:53 +0000

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CDC: Assessing the Role of Food Handlers in Hepatitis A Virus Transmission- Multiple States 2016-2019

The USA has been experiencing person-to-person outbreaks of hepatitis A in unprecedented numbers during the vaccine era.

As of May 2020, 33 states had reported hepatitis A (HepA) outbreaks involving approximately 32,500 cases reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Moreover, there have been 19,800 (61%) hospitalizations and 320 related fatalities since this HepA outbreak began in Michigan during 2016.

Hepatitis A is a liver infection caused by a virus that is spread primarily through close contact among persons who use drugs and persons experiencing homelessness, as well as among men who have sex with men.

During these outbreaks, hepatitis A infections occurring among food handlers have raised public alarm and resulted in calls for vaccinating all food handlers, often prompting health departments to divert limited resources away from populations at risk.

However, the risk for secondary transmission from hepatitis A–infected food handlers to food establishment patrons has been not well understood.

To characterize this risk, a novel structured survey was developed and conducted using Research Electronic Data Capture among 29 state health departments reporting person-to-person hepatitis A outbreaks from July 2016–September 13, 2019.

Among these hepatitis A outbreak cases, only 871 (3.8%) were among food handlers.

And, among 275 cases in food handlers from these states, just 63 (22.9%) public notifications took place.

These findings indicate that the risk for secondary infection from hepatitis A–infected food handlers to food establishment patrons in these outbreaks is low (<1.0%).

Therefore, public health efforts to preemptively vaccinate all food handlers would be ineffective at mitigating the current risk for person-to-person outbreaks.

Furthermore, to optimize resources, health departments should assess the risk for secondary transmission of hepatitis A from infected food handlers on a case-by-case basis and prioritize vaccination efforts in situations where secondary transmission risk is deemed high, stated these researchers.

As of June 2020, the CDC says just 1-dose of a single-antigen hepatitis A vaccine provides up to 95 percent seroprotection in healthy individuals for up to 11 years.

There are 3 HAV vaccines approved in the USA: Vaqta, Havrix, and Twinrix, which are available at most pharmacies in the USA.

Hepatitis A vaccination news is published by Precision Vaccinations.

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HepA infected food service staff related to 275 outbreaks

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Maine Confirms Hepatitis A Outbreak

Don Hackett — Sat, 20 Jun 2020 16:16:08 +0000

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Maine CDC Health Advisory: Hepatitis A Increase in Maine

The US state of Maine has seen an increase in hepatitis A cases in Penobscot, Somerset, and York counties over the past 4-months, the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention (MeCDC) reported.

MeCDC announced on June 18, 2020, the number of reported hepatitis A (HepA) cases climbing from zero in January and has now identified 39 cases in these 3 counties.

Recent case MeCDC investigations, however, have not identified a source of the infections.

Historically Maine reported 7 to 10 cases of HepA per year over the past decade.

But, in 2019, MeCDC identified 45 HepA cases.

This increase was driven by a restaurant-associated outbreak and cases related to injection drug use or homelessness.

Previous HepA outbreaks among workers at Maine restaurants include, but are not limited to, the Sea Salt Lobster Restaurant in Saco in June, and at Joseph’s Market in Waterville in January 2020, reported the Bangor Daily News.

Since the outbreaks were first identified in Michigan during 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of Viral Hepatitis has reported over 32,700 hepatitis A virus (HAV) cases in 30 states, as of June 13, 2020.

During this outbreak, the states of Florida (4,477) and Kentucky (5,001) have reported the most HepA cases in the USA.

The CDC reported during June 2019, ‘the spread of germs from the hands of food workers to food accounts for about 89 percent of HepA outbreaks in which food was contaminated by food workers.’

Throughout 2018 and 2019, numerous restaurants reported food service staff worked while infectious, potentially spreading the HAV to patrons.

The CDC says ‘if you are at risk of contracting HAV, get vaccinated.’

Additionally, pre-vaccination serologic testing is not required to administer the hepatitis A vaccine. And, vaccinations should not be postponed if vaccination history cannot be obtained or records are unavailable, says the CDC.

There are three HAV vaccines approved for use in the USA: Vaqta, Havrix, and Twinrix. The most common potential side effect of these vaccines is soreness at or around the injection site.

Precision Vaccinations publishes hepatitis vaccine news.

Sub Title:

HepA cases confirmed in Penobscot, Somerset, and York counties in Maine

References:

Maine CDC reports sharp increase of hepatitis A in 3 Maine counties

CDC: Widespread Outbreaks of Hepatitis A across the United States

Will Hepatitis Be On the Menu in 2020?

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Will Hepatitis Be On the Menu in 2020?

Don Hackett — Wed, 01 Jan 2020 22:04:52 +0000

Reviewer:

Kelley Lu, PharmD

Michigan Hepatitis A 2016-2019 Outbreak Summary

When hearing about hepatitis A virus outbreaks, many people think about contaminated foods. However, this viral liver disease is more commonly spread from person to person in the USA.

Since the outbreaks were first identified in Michigan during 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of Viral Hepatitis has reported over 29,000 hepatitis A virus (HAV) cases in 30 states, as of December 20, 2019.

These HAV cases have caused significant costs by generating 17,801 hospitalizations and disrupted 298 families with related fatalities.

The CDC says ‘the 3 largest groups affected by Hepatitis A outbreak are intravenous drug users, the homeless, and men who have participated in sexual intercourse with other men.

Hepatitis A is also spread person-to-person when someone unknowingly eats food, drinks a beverage or places an object in their mouth that has been contaminated with microscopic, trace amounts of the virus.

People infected with Hepatitis A are most contagious from 2 weeks before the onset of symptoms to 1 week afterward.

While the vast majority of HAV cases were reported in the state of Kentucky (4,990) during 2019, the state of Florida (3,644) led most states during the 2nd half of the year.

However, the states of Kentucky, Ohio, and Florida share another aspect of their outbreaks…. HAV-infected food-service staff.

The CDC reported during June 2019, ‘the spread of germs from the hands of food workers to food accounts for about 89 percent of outbreaks in which food was contaminated by food workers.’

Throughout 2018 and 2019, numerous restaurants reported food service staff worked while infectious, potentially spreading the HAV to patrons.

A recent example is the state of New Jersey, which confirmed the following HAV exposures:

ShopRite of Somerville, between October 30th,
Brother’s Produce on East Railway Avenue, October 12th,
Mendham Golf & Tennis Club, June 30th.

And most recently, an Advisory issued by the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) and the Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, reporting a 235 percent increase in HAV cases during 2019, compared to the average number of cases reported annually between 2016-2018.

On December 12, 2019, the NYSDOH Health Advisory was sent to healthcare providers in New York, saying there is a ‘Hepatitis A outbreak’, and an increase in cases has been seen in all regions of the state, excluding New York City.

The New York counties of Dutchess, Erie, Jefferson, Niagara, Onondaga, Oswego, and Suffolk have been particularly impacted.

Furthermore, New York’s Advisory says ‘suspected HAV cases occurring in a food handler must be reported immediately.’

This is not the state of New York’s first HAV related restaurant issue.

During August 2019, the Journal News/lohud.com reported several lawsuits are seeking $691,000 in damages connected to a hepatitis A exposure at the Bartaco restaurant in Westchester County, NY.

The Westchester County health department issued the warning after 4 people contracted the HAV in connection to an infected Bartaco worker. And, more than 3,000 people received hepatitis vaccinations.

Paul Nunes, an attorney representing patrons in the cases said to the Journal News/lohud.com, ‘What we’re trying to do is do the right thing by the folks who ate at Bartaco and were exposed to the hepatitis A virus.'

'Every food handler in our country should be vaccinated for hepatitis A. That would stop these kinds of outbreaks.’

Recently, the Alabama Department of Public Health issued a statement ‘encouraging foodservice owners and managers to consider requiring the hepatitis A vaccine for all food workers. While food workers are not at a higher risk than other workers, some fall into high-risk groups and would place customers at risk if they became infected.’

Additionally, HAV outbreaks can be devastating to a restaurant’s economic success.

A Modern Restaurant Management article published on December 31st said ‘just 1 hep A case is devastating – revenue drops an average of 50% in the first week after a case goes public and is still down by 7% or more a year later.’

The CDC says ‘if you are at risk of contracting HAV, get vaccinated.’

A study published in June 2019, investigated under what circumstances people most often receive a hepatitis A vaccination. This study found physician recommendations have been a top influencer of people receiving hepatitis A vaccinations.

“In the context of enhancing patient care, our results underscore the need of increasing awareness among primary care providers of the CDC’s recommendations for vaccinating adults at increased risk for hepatitis A infection,” according to a statement from this study’s research team.

“The CDC recommends the use of evidence-based strategies, such as vaccine standing orders, and provider education programs, reduce missed opportunities to vaccinate eligible persons,” the research team said.

There are three HAV vaccines approved for use in the USA: Vaqta, Havrix, and Twinrix. The most common potential side effect of these vaccines is soreness at or around the injection site.

Furthermore, immune globulin can provide short-term protection against hepatitis A, both pre- and post-exposure.

Any vaccine can cause side effects, which should be reported to a healthcare provider asap, says the CDC.

Hepatitis A vaccine news published by Precision Vaccinations

Sub Title:

Undervaccinated food service staff can instigate hepatitis a virus outbreaks

References:

CDC: Widespread outbreaks of Hepatitis A across the US

CDC: Food Safety Practices of Restaurant Workers

Bartaco hepatitis lawsuit: Judge grants class-action status, what that means for patrons

Hepatitis A Warning Issued for Grocery Store Customers

New York Issues Hepatitis A Outbreak Advisory

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New York Issues Hepatitis A Outbreak Advisory

Don Hackett — Fri, 13 Dec 2019 17:09:47 +0000

Reviewer:

> Confidential Hepatitis A Tests at UltaLabs <

Holly Lutmer PharmD

The ongoing Hepatitis A virus outbreak across the USA has reached the state of New York. On December 12, 2019, a Health Advisory was sent to healthcare providers in New York, that says there is a ‘Hepatitis A outbreak.’

This new Advisory was issued by the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) and the Bureau of Communicable Disease Control (BCDC) is reporting a 235 percent increase in Hepatitis A virus (HAV) cases during 2019, compared to the average number of cases reported annually through 2016-2018.

An increase in HAV cases has been seen in all regions of the state but excludes New York City

The counties of Dutchess, Erie, Jefferson, Niagara, Onondaga, Oswego, and Suffolk have been particularly impacted.

The NYSDOH recommends that local health departments (LHDs), healthcare facilities, syringe exchange programs, drug user health hubs, and partners and programs providing services to these at-risk populations promote hepatitis A vaccination in concert with the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.

Hepatitis A is a liver infection caused by a virus, which can be easily spread. Risk factors reported by NYS cases during this outbreak include non-injection and injection drug use, unstable housing/homelessness, current or recent incarceration, and men having sex with men.

Since the hepatitis A outbreaks were first identified in 2016, various states have reported repeated HAV outbreaks related to food service staff working in restaurants during 2018 and 2019.

According to a 2015 study conducted by The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration found the food services and hospitality industries to have the highest rates of substance use disorders of most employment sectors.

According to this new NYS Advisory, suspected HAV cases occurring in a food handler must be reported immediately.

As of December 6, 2019, NYS and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have confirmed 28,985 cases associated with person-to-person outbreaks of HAV since 2016 from 30 states, including approximately 17,500 hospitalizations and 296 fatalities.

During November 2019, the state of New Jersey reported various HAV outbreaks.

On November 2, 2019, the New Jersey health department reported Camden County had confirmed (140) cases associated with the current Hepatitis A outbreak, along with Gloucester (62), Mercer (49) and Burlington (39) counties.

Moreover, treating Hepatitis A patients is expensive.

Previous studies have concluded the average annual cost for treating hospitalized hepatitis A patients covered under commercial health insurance plans could run up to $11,479.

These studies found treating hepatitis A patients over a 12-month period had more frequent hospitalizations and emergency department visits, and averaged higher utilization of outpatient services.

Recent Hepatitis A news

HAV vaccination is recommended by the CDC for all children starting at 1 year. Most (70%) of HAV infections in children younger than age 6 are not accompanied by symptoms.

The CDC also suggests travelers to certain countries and for people at high risk of the infection get an HAV vaccination.

The CDC says just 1-dose of a single-antigen hepatitis A vaccine provides up to 95 percent seroprotection in healthy individuals for up to 11 years. And, pre-vaccination serologic testing is not required to administer the hepatitis A vaccine.

There are 3 HAV vaccines approved in the USA: Vaqta, Havrix, and Twinrix, which are available at most pharmacies in NJ. And, immune globulin can provide short-term protection against hepatitis A, both pre- and post-exposure.

Hepatitis A vaccine news published by Precision Vaccinations

Sub Title:

Suspected Hepatitis A virus cases occurring in food handlers must be reported immediately to the New York state health department

References:

CDC: Widespread outbreaks of Hepatitis A across the United States

CDC: Viral Hepatitis

Health Care Utilization and Associated Costs of Hepatitis A in Adults in a US Commercially Insured Population

Information for Providers - Hepatitis A

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South Jersey’s Hepatitis A Outbreak Moves North

Don Hackett — Sat, 09 Nov 2019 15:32:48 +0000

Reviewer:

Accessing and Using 317 Funds for Hepatitis A Vaccination as Part of the Hepatitis A Outbreak Response

According to updated information from the New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH), the ongoing Hepatitis A outbreak in the Garden State has been centered in several southwest counties, located east of Philadelphia, PA.

On November 2, 2019, NJDOH reported Camden County had confirmed (140) cases associated with the current Hepatitis A outbreak, along with Gloucester (62), Mercer (49) and Burlington (39) counties.

These southern counties represent about 53 percent of the Hepatitis A cases confirmed in NJ since the outbreak began during December 2018.

Furthermore, these NJ counties are located adjacent to Pennsylvania, which previously declared a hepatitis A outbreak on May 20, 2019. Pennsylvania has reported 614 cases during the current outbreak.

And the recent NJDOH Alert indicates this Hepatitis A outbreak may soon accelerate in northern NJ.

As of November 8, 2019, the Somerset County Department of Health has already conducted 3 Hepatitis A vaccination clinics in Somerville, New Jersey.

These vaccination clinics are for individuals who may have eaten items purchased at the in-store deli department or used the restrooms at the ShopRite of Somerville, between October 13 to 30, 2019.

To be effective, the hepatitis A vaccine should be received as soon as possible, but no later than 2-weeks after eating food from this deli. For most people living n central NJ, this date would be Nov. 13, 2019.

This is not the 1st health alert in central NJ.

During October, the NJDOH issued a warning to Paterson, NJ residents when a food handler at Brother’s Produce on East Railway Avenue tested positive for the Hepatitis A disease.

And previously, the Morris County Office of Health Management confirmed 27 people contracted Hepatitis A from an infected food handler at the Mendham Golf & Tennis Club, likely between June 9 and June 30, 2019.

The recent Somerset County vaccination clinics are located about 43 miles west of New York City, which has yet to declare a Hepatitis A outbreak. NYC’s health department is working with other city agencies to help vaccinate at-risk populations, including, but not limited to the homeless.

But, during 2013, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene received reports of 6 hepatitis A cases among food handlers.

As of November 4th, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have not reported any Hepatitis A cases in the state of New York during 2019. Since the outbreaks were first identified in 2016, 30 states have publicly reported 27,634 cases to the CDC.

Hepatitis A is a contagious liver infection caused by a virus. It can range from a mild infection with no symptoms lasting a few weeks to a severe illness lasting several months that can result in liver failure and death, says the NJDOH.

Immunocompromised persons – those with weakened immune systems – should talk with their healthcare provider about getting immunoglobulin or Ig instead of the vaccine.

If you believe you were exposed you should stay at home and contact your healthcare provider immediately if symptoms of hepatitis A infection develop. There is no treatment for hepatitis A once symptoms appear.

Symptoms of Hepatitis A can include; fatigue, sudden nausea, and vomiting, abdominal pain or discomfort, especially on the upper right side beneath your lower ribs (by your liver), clay-colored bowel movements, loss of appetite, low-grade fever, dark urine, and/or joint pain.

People with Hepatitis A should also avoid taking drugs that can hurt their liver, such as acetaminophen or Tylenol, says NJDOH.

> Confidential Hepatitis A Tests <

Since March 2017, CDC’s Division of Viral Hepatitis has been assisting multiple state and local health departments with hepatitis A outbreaks, spread through person-to-person contact.

The 3 largest groups affected by the ongoing, multi-state, Hepatitis A virus outbreak are intravenous drug users, the homeless, and men who have participated in sexual intercourse with other men.

Additionally, food-service workers represent another sizable, at-risk population since their daily responsibilities include directly handling food and drink, said the CDC.

There is also an overlap between intravenous drug users and part-time food-service workers in some communities.

According to previous studies, the restaurant segment of the food-service industry has a long, sordid relationship with substance abuse and substance abuse disorders.

In 2015, a study conducted by The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration found the food services and hospitality industry to have the highest rates of substance use disorders of all employment sectors.

Fortunately, one national restaurant chain has just announced a significant effort that may reduce hepatitis A cases in its staff.

Starbucks is installing needle-disposal boxes in some bathrooms, as well as exploring other solutions to workers' concerns regarding improperly discarded syringes and the related health risks.

Hepatitis A vaccine news

Protective anti-hepatitis A virus antibody levels after a single dose of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine is considered to be up to 95 percent effective and offer protection for up to 11 years, says the CDC.

In NJ, accessing 317 Funds as part of the Hepatitis A outbreak response is potentially available to qualifying individuals.

Section 317 of the Public Health Services Act authorizes the federal purchase of vaccines. In NJ, those priority populations are uninsured and underinsured adults for routine vaccines and any at-risk populations during an outbreak response.

Additional vaccine discounts can be found here.

Answers to frequently asked questions about hepatitis A are available at NJDOH.

The CDC says any vaccine can cause side effects, which should be reported to a healthcare provider asap.

Hepatitis A vaccine news published by Precision Vaccinations.

Sub Title:

CDC confirms 275 hepatitis A virus related fatalities since 2016

References:

22 people caught Hepatitis A in outbreak at N.J. golf club, officials say

Department of Health Declares Hepatitis A Outbreak

CDC: Widespread person-to-person outbreaks of hepatitis A across the United States

CDC: Outbreak-specific considerations for hepatitis A vaccine administration

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New Jersey Hepatitis A Outbreak Related to 6 Fatalities

Don Hackett — Fri, 08 Nov 2019 19:53:49 +0000

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Third Hepatitis A Clinic - Friday, Nov. 8

Due to overwhelming demand, the Somerset County Department of Health will conduct a 3rd Hepatitis A vaccination clinic on November. 8, 2019, at 27 Warren St., Somerville, New Jersey.

This additional vaccination clinic is related to a ShopRite employee in New Jersey working while infectious with the Hepatitis A virus.

These vaccination clinics are for individuals who may have eaten items purchased at the in-store deli department or used the restrooms at the ShopRite of Somerville, between October 13 to 30, 2019.

Hepatitis A vaccinations for adults age 19 and older will be given on a first-come, first-serve basis while supplies last, health officials said in an online statement.

However, pediatric vaccines (those 18 and under) will not be available at this clinic.

Freeholder Director Brian D. Levine said in this new statement, "We understand residents are concerned. The county health department has been working diligently to ensure that vaccinations are available.’

As of November 2, the New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) says there have been 541 confirmed cases of hepatitis A in New Jersey since Dec. 1, 2018. About 84 percent of these individuals were hospitalized.

Furthermore, this Hepatitis A outbreak has been related to 6 fatalities.

Additionally, the NJDOH has notified healthcare providers so they can be alert to test for hepatitis A if a patient has symptoms and so they can provide vaccine if an opportunity occurs, to those at risk of infection.

> Confidential Hepatitis A Tests <

To be effective, the hepatitis A vaccine should be received as soon as possible, but no later than 2-weeks after eating food from this deli.

For most people, this date would be Nov. 13, 2019.

Immunocompromised persons – those with weakened immune systems – should talk with their healthcare provider about getting immunoglobulin or Ig instead of the vaccine.

If you believe you were exposed you should:

Monitor your health for symptoms of the hepatitis A infection, which include fatigue, low appetite, stomach pain, nausea and jaundice up to 50 days after exposure.
Wash your hands with soap and warm water frequently and thoroughly, especially after using the bathroom and before preparing food.
Stay at home and contact your health care provider immediately if symptoms of hepatitis A infection develop.

If you have additional concerns about your health, contact your NJ healthcare provider for recommendations.

There are 3 HAV vaccines approved in the USA: Vaqta, Havrix, and Twinrix, which are available at most pharmacies in NJ. Vaccine discounts can be found here.

Furthermore, immune globulin can provide short-term protection against hepatitis A, both pre- and post-exposure.

The most common potential side effect of these vaccines is soreness at or around the injection site. Other potential side effects include mild headache, loss of appetite among children, and feeling tired.

Answers to frequently asked questions about hepatitis A are available at NJDOH.

For more information about hepatitis A, visit the Somerset County Department of Health website.

Hepatitis A vaccine news published by Precision Vaccinations

Sub Title:

Over 84% of New Jersey hepatitis A cases have been hospitalized in 2019

References:

Hepatitis A Outbreak Summary (As of November 2, 2019)

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Hepatitis A Warning Issued for Grocery Store Customers

Don Hackett — Wed, 06 Nov 2019 00:27:44 +0000

Reviewer:

Kelley Lu, PharmD

Public Health Alert: Hepatitis A Case Confirmed in Somerville, NJ

The New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) has identified an increase in the number of hepatitis A virus cases during 2019.

This increase is not unique to the state of New Jersey, as several other states have also reported similar hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreaks, which can be traced back to Michigan during 2016.

As of October 26, 2019, the NJDOH reported 504 hepatitis A cases met the outbreak-associated case definition since December 1, 2018.

Furthermore, New Jersey (NJ)’s outbreak may not be ending.

On November 4th, the NJDOH announced in a press release that it is working with the Somerset County Department of Health and Wakefern Corporation to notify individuals who visited a New Jersey ShopRite about a single case of hepatitis A in a food handler who is employed at ShopRite food market located at 1 S. Davenport St., Somerville, NJ 08876.

This ShopRite individual worked during the time when they were able to spread the virus to others, also known as the infectious period, from October 13 to 30, 2019.

Furthermore, the NJDOH is ‘alerting those ShopRite customers who purchased items from this in-store deli should be thrown away.’

Additionally, ‘anyone who used the restrooms at the ShopRite of Somerville from Oct. 13 to 30, 2019, should also consider getting vaccinated.’

The NJ Health Department is recommending the following actions:

Individuals who may have eaten items purchased at the in-store deli (Appy) from the ShopRite of Somerville from Oct. 13 to 30, 2019, and who were not previously vaccinated against hepatitis A, should get the hepatitis A vaccine to prevent getting sick.
To be effective, the hepatitis A vaccine should be received as soon as possible, but no later than two weeks after eating food from this deli. For most people, this date would be Nov. 13, 2019.
Immunocompromised (persons with weakened immune systems) should talk with their healthcare provider about getting immunoglobulin or Ig instead of the vaccine.
Hepatitis A vaccine may be obtained from the ShopRite pharmacy or your health care provider. The ShopRite of Somerville has an in-store pharmacy that offers the hepatitis A vaccine. ShopRite pharmacies accept most insurance plans.
If you think you may have eaten items purchased at the in-store deli (Appy) or used the restrooms at the ShopRite of Somerville and have no access to a healthcare provider or insurance, you may call Zufall Health at 908-526-2335 to get more information about getting care. There may be a cost associated with your visit.
The Somerset County Department of Health will host a walk-in clinic to provide free hepatitis A vaccinations at the county Human Services Building, which is located at 27 Warren St., Somerville, on November 6th and 7th.

Furthermore, the NJDOH has notified healthcare providers so they can be alert to test for hepatitis A if a patient has symptoms and so they can provide vaccine if an opportunity occurs, to those at risk of infection.

> Confidential Hepatitis A Tests <

Hepatitis A is usually spread person-to-person when someone unknowingly eats food, drinks a beverage or places an object in their mouth that has been contaminated with microscopic, trace amounts of the virus.

Additionally, food-service workers represent a sizable, at-risk population since their daily responsibilities include directly handling food and drink.

Hepatitis A vaccine news

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported on November 1, 2019, the ongoing hepatitis A outbreak has produced:

Cases: 27,634
Hospitalizations: 60%
Fatalities: 275

Even though hepatitis A disease burden in the United States has been very low, there still remains a substantial direct and indirect cost burden when treating hepatitis A patients.

Various studies have concluded the average annual cost for treating hospitalized hepatitis A patients covered under commercial health insurance plans could run up to $11,479.

There are 3 HAV vaccines approved in the USA: Vaqta, Havrix, and Twinrix, which are available at pharmacies in most states.

Furthermore, immune globulin can provide short-term protection against hepatitis A, both pre- and post-exposure.

Any vaccine can cause side effects, which should be reported to a healthcare provider asap, says the CDC.

For additional questions, call the Somerset County Health Department hotline at 908-203-6014.

Vaccine discounts can be found here.

Hepatitis A news published by Precision Vaccinations

Sub Title:

NJ Health Department alerting ShopRite customers in Somerset to discard any deli items purchased

References:

NJ Health:Hepatitis A Outbreak Summary (As of October 26, 2019)

CDC: Widespread person-to-person outbreaks of hepatitis A across the United States

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Untreated Drinking Water Is a Diminishing Hepatitis A Risk

Don Hackett — Sat, 14 Sep 2019 20:19:09 +0000

Reviewer:

Kelley Lu, PharmD

CDC: Impact of Public Health Interventions on Drinking Water–Associated Outbreaks of Hepatitis A — United States, 1971–2017

A new report says people who are unvaccinated for the Hepatitis A virus have another risk to avoid…. drinking untreated water.

This Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report published on Septemeber 6, 2019, says ‘public health officials should increase the awareness of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) risks that are associated with untreated groundwater from private wells.’

Although drinking water–associated hepatitis A outbreaks in the United States are rarely reported, the CDC says ‘the HAV can remain infectious in water for months.’

But, the actual health risk may be limited.

This CDC report found 32 drinking water–associated hepatitis A outbreaks in 18 states during 1971–2017, with the last one occurring in 2009.

The most commonly reported water system type associated with an HAV outbreak was individual, accounting for 41 percent of outbreaks, followed by community outbreaks with 31 percent.

Furthermore, all individual water systems with HAV outbreaks were supplied by private wells or springs.

The reasons for the decline in water–associated HAV outbreaks, which have essentially stopped, are increased hepatitis A vaccinations, combined with government regulations that require testing and, where necessary, corrective actions for drinking water supplies.

While the risk of hepatitis A from drinking water has diminished, there are several known risk factors contributing to the ongoing HAV outbreak.

As of September 6, 2019, there have been 25,484 hepatitis A cases reported to the CDC since 2016.

The CDC says ‘person to person’ interactions are the reason behind the outbreak in the USA.

>> Fast test for Hep A <<

Since Hepatitis A is a liver infection caused by a virus, which can be easily spread, the following groups are at highest risk for acquiring an HAV infection:

People who use drugs (injection or non-injection)
People experiencing unstable housing or homelessness
Men who have sex with men (MSM)
People who are currently or were recently incarcerated
People with chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C.

Additionally, some states, such as Florida, Ohio, and Tennessee are encouraging ‘food-service’ staff to be vaccinated to reduce the risk of spreading hepatitis A in restaurants.

The CDC says just 1-dose of the single-antigen hepatitis A vaccine provides up to 95 percent seroprotection in healthy individuals for up to 11 years.

And, pre-vaccination serologic testing is not required to administer the hepatitis A vaccine.

There are 3 HAV vaccines approved in the USA: Vaqta, Havrix, and Twinrix, which are available at pharmacies in most states.

Furthermore, immune globulin can provide short-term protection against hepatitis A, both pre- and post-exposure.

Any vaccine can cause side effects, which should be reported to a healthcare provider or the CDC.

This CDC report was compiled by Elyse Phillips, Allison D. Miller, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC. The corresponding author: Catherine E. Barrett, ohi6@cdc.gov, 404-718-7664.

Vaccine News Published by Precision Vaccinations

Sub Title:

Hepatitis A virus outbreaks have been reported in 30 states since 2016

References:

CDC: Widespread person-to-person outbreaks of hepatitis A across the United States

CDC: Frequently Asked Questions: Hepatitis A outbreaks

CDC: Food Worker Handwashing and Restaurant Factors

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Tennessee Offers Free Hepatitis A Vaccines To At-Risk People

Don Hackett — Wed, 21 Aug 2019 13:45:32 +0000

Reviewer:

Danielle Reiter RN

TDH Urges Tennesseans Most at Risk for Hepatitis A to Get Vaccinated

The Tennessee Department of Health (TDH) announced local health departments are offering free hepatitis A vaccines for people in 'high-risk groups.'

The groups of people most at risk for the hepatitis A virus include people who use recreational drugs, men who have sex with men and people experiencing homelessness, said the TDH on August 20, 2019.

This action is in response to more than 2,200 cases of hepatitis A including 13 related fatalities confirmed in Tennessee since this outbreak began in 2017.

Moreover, 61 percent of the 2,200 hepatitis A cases have resulted in hospitalizations, which generate treatment costs over $10,000 for each patient.

TDH Commissioner Lisa Piercey, MD, MBA, FAAP, said in a press release, “The Tennessee Department of Health, metro health departments, jails and many other community partners are working every day to ensure people at high risk of infection with the hep A virus are vaccinated to prevent more illness and save lives.”

“It’s critical for people in these high-risk groups to receive the hepatitis A vaccine to protect themselves and others around them,” said Tennessee Immunization Program Medical Director Michelle Fiscus, MD, FAAP.

“We know this vaccine is safe and effective.”

Additionally, food-service workers have been identified as the source for numerous hepatitis A outbreaks during 2019. In Missouri, Franklin County recently joined the shortlist of counties requiring hepatitis A vaccines for restaurant workers.

The Missouri ordinance requires vaccines for all restaurant workers and anyone involved in food preparation. It covers hospital cafeterias, school kitchens, daycare facilities, nursing homes, catering businesses, and mobile food outlets.

>> Confidential Hepatitis A Tests <<

There are 3 HAV vaccines approved in the USA: Vaqta, Havrix, and Twinrix, which are available at pharmacies in most states.

Vaccination is recommended for all children starting at 1 year of age, for travelers to certain countries and for people at high risk for infection, says the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Furthermore, immune globulin can provide short-term protection against hepatitis A, both pre- and post-exposure.

The exact duration of protection after vaccination is unknown. Anti-HAV has been shown to persist for at least 20 years in adults administered inactivated vaccine as children with the three-dose schedule, and anti-HAV persistence of at least 20 years also was demonstrated among persons vaccinated with a two-dose schedule as adults, says the CDC.

Other steps to prevent infection with hepatitis A include washing hands with soap and water after using the bathroom, before eating and before preparing or serving food.

Hepatitis A is a liver infection caused by a virus. It can be transmitted through contact with feces or consumption of contaminated food or water. Contact your healthcare provider or the local health department for more information at Tennessee Department of Health.

The mission of the Tennessee Department of Health is to protect, promote and improve the health and prosperity of people in Tennessee.

Sub Title:

Tennessee hepatitis A outbreak surpasses 2,200 people

References:

Health Care Utilization and Associated Costs of Hepatitis A in Adults in a US Commercially Insured Population

Mandatory food handler vaccines for hepatitis A imposed by Missouri county

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Minnesota’s Hepatitis A Outbreak Costs May Exceed $100,000

Don Hackett — Fri, 09 Aug 2019 18:01:21 +0000

Reviewer:

Health officials declare hepatitis A outbreak among people with high-risk factors

The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) declared an outbreak of the hepatitis A virus in 9 counties.

The MDH announcement on August 8, 2019, includes 23 hepatitis A cases. Thirteen of these infected individuals were hospitalized for treatment and all have been discharged.

While initial hepatitis A cases were clustered in east-central Minnesota, the infection source is not known for some cases, suggesting some community transmission among high-risk groups of people.

Even though hepatitis A disease burden in the United States has been very low, there still remains a substantial direct and indirect cost burden when treating hepatitis A patients.

Various studies have concluded the average annual cost for treating hospitalized hepatitis A patients covered under commercial health insurance plans could run up to $11,479.

The study found hepatitis A patients over a 12-month study period had more frequent hospitalizations and emergency department visits, and averaged higher utilization of outpatient services.

When using this 2012 data published in the journal Health Outcomes Research in Medicine, the current Minneapolis hepatitis A outbreak will generate over (13 hospitalizations x $11,479) $100,000 in annual expenses.

Minnesota joins several states which have also declared hepatitis A outbreaks in 2019, such as Florida and Ohio.

In May 2019, Minnesota began seeing an increase in hepatitis A cases. These cases had similar risk factors to national outbreaks of hepatitis A that have been occurring.

Since the outbreaks were first identified in 2016, 29 states have publicly reported the following cases to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as of August 2, 2019:

Cases: 23,638
Hospitalizations: 60%
Deaths: 233

Kris Ehresmann, infectious disease director for MDH, said in a press release, “Declaring an outbreak is a significant step because it allows us to access additional resources to fight the outbreak.”

Foodservice workers have been identified as the source for numerous hepatitis A outbreaks during 2019.

The spread of germs from the hands of food workers to food is an important cause of foodborne illness outbreaks in restaurants. It accounts for 89 percent of outbreaks in which food was contaminated by food workers, reported the CDC on June 18, 2019.

Early diagnosis and medical care are the keys to preventing more serious health outcomes.

"Hepatitis A is a preventable disease through receiving a vaccination, staying up to date with vaccination, and using proper hygiene in the foodservice industry. People in the foodservice industry should check with their local pharmacist to be sure they are up to date with their vaccinations, advised Lauren Ragan, PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist for Brookshire Grocery Company.

Vaccination is recommended for all children starting at 1 year, for travelers to certain countries and for people at high risk for infection. While hepatitis A vaccination has been recommended for children since 2006, many adults have not been vaccinated for hepatitis A.

MDH also has been notifying healthcare providers so they can be alert to test for hepatitis A if a patient has symptoms and so they can provide vaccine if an opportunity occurs, to those at risk of infection.

>> Confidential Hepatitis A Tests <<

There are 3 HAV vaccines approved in the USA: Vaqta, Havrix, and Twinrix, which are available at pharmacies in most states.

Furthermore, immune globulin can provide short-term protection against hepatitis A, both pre- and post-exposure.

More information about Hepatitis A symptoms and prevention can be found on the CDC website. Any hepatitis vaccine can cause side effects, which should be reported to a healthcare provider or the CDC.

Sub Title:

Hepatitis A outbreak in east-central Minnesota suggests community transmission among high-risk groups

References:

CDC: Widespread outbreaks of hepatitis A across the United States

Health officials declare hepatitis A outbreak among people with high-risk factors

Health Care Utilization and Associated Costs of Hepatitis A in Adults in a US Commercially Insured Population

Public Health Impact an Cost-Effectiveness of Hepatitis A Vaccination in the United States: A Disease Transmission Dynamic Mode

The Cost of Hepatitis A Infections in American Adolescents and Adults in 1997

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Florida Declares Hepatitis A Public Health Emergency

Don Hackett — Fri, 02 Aug 2019 16:33:38 +0000

Reviewer:

John Paul Sanchez, PharmD